https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-8288
E-mail: bravinari@bk.ru Tel.: +7 (4112) 35-49-96
1, Petrovskii str., Yakutsk, 677027, Russian Federation
DSc in History, Professor, Chair of the Archaeology and Ethnography Department, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences
Ivanova-Unarova Z. I.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-9541
E-mail: sign37@mail.ru Tel.: +7 (4112) 34-44-60
4, Ordzhonikidze str., Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation
Professor, Honored Artist of Russia, Professor, Arctic State Institute of Culture and Art
The article examines the jewelry of the Sakha people from an interdisciplinary pers- pective. It examines its origins and sources; considers the ethno-cultural relations of the peoples of Eurasia, based on the materials of archaeological monuments from the late Middle Ages; and considers art history (traditions and innovative features in the modern art of Yakut jewelers). The work is based on archaeological excavations of Yakut burials of the 16th through 18th centuries, items from the collections of the museums of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the American Museum of Natural History in New York, as well as the author’s jewelry created by modern masters. A detailed study of Yakut jewelry and its individual parts is contained in the works of the ethnographers F. M. Zykov, V. P. Diakonova, and others, and the classification of jewelry and descriptions of the techniques and methods of metal processing that these scholars provided are not considered in this article. On the other hand, metal ornaments of ancient Yakuts found in archaeological sites are analyzed in a comparative historical context and correlated with the products of ancient nomads from Central and Western Asia, China and Southern Siberia. Yakut jewelry art acquired stable forms, ornamental design and national distinctiveness in the 17th — 19th centuries. The traditional Yakut way of making an ensemble of jewelry has been preserved, but at the same time, jewelry designers have also been creating original works of art that develop a unique “ethnomodern” style.
Alekseev A. N., Kryubezi E. (2016) Syuzhety parnykh konskikh golovok v kul’turakh Yakutii: drevnost’ i sovremennost’ [Stories of Paired Horseheads in the Cultures of Yakutia: Antiquity and Modernity]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [The Archeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2016. No. 44 (2). Pp. 91–101. In Russian.
Bravina R. I., Dyakonov V. M., Zaitsev V. P., Masumoto T. (2016) Kitaiskie izdeliya v kul’tovoi atributike yakutov [Chinese Pieces in the Cult Objects of the Yakuts]. Rossiya i ATR [Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region]. 2016. No. 4. Pp. 259–278. In Russian.
Bravina R. I., Popov V. V. (2008) Pogrebal’nopominal’naya obryadnost’ yakutov: pamyatniki i traditsii (XV–XIX vv.) [Funeral and Memorial Rites of the Yakuts: Monuments and Traditions (15th — 19th Centuries)]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. In Russian.
Ivanova-Unarova Z. (2015) Ethnocultural Traditions in the Art of the Arctic North and Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia. 2015. Vol. 54. No. 3 (Art, Identity and Ethnicity: Republics of Kalmykia, Buryatia, Altai, and Sakha (Yakutia)). Pp. 79–97. In English.
Ivanova-Unarova Z. I. (2014) Germenevtika zhenskogo paradnogo sedla (na primere kollek- tsii Amerikanskogo muzeya estestvennoi istorii) [Hermeneutics of the Female Ceremonial Saddle (Оn the Example of the Collection of the American Museum of Natural History)]. In: Traditsionnaya kul’tura kochevykh narodov v sisteme khudozhestvennogo obrazovaniya [Тhе Traditional Culture of Nomadic Peoples in the System of Art Education]. Mater. of the sci. and creative conf. Yakutsk: AGIIK. Pp. 35–41. In Russian.
Ivanova-Unarova Z. I. (2017) Traditsionnye ukrasheniya, soputstvuyushchie predmety [Traditional Jewelry, Associated Items]. In: Material’naya i dukhovnaya kul’tura narodov Yakutii v muze- yakh mira (XVII — nachalo XIX v.). T. I: Sibirskaya kollektsiya v muzeyakh SShA [Material and Spiritual Culture of the Peoples of Yakutia in the Museums of the World (17th — Early 19th Centuries). Vol. I: Siberian Collection in Museums of the USA]. Yakutsk: Bichik. Pp. 161–184. In Russian and English.
Nikiforova S. V. (2010) Simvolika zhenskikh ukrashenii: Kul’turnye kody traditsionnoi povsednevnosti sakha (yakutov) [The Symbolism of Women’s Jewelry: Cultural Codes of Traditional Everyday Life of the Sakha (Yakuts)]. St. Petersburg: Asterion. In Russian.
Pavlinskaya L. R. (2012) Khudozhestvennyi metall yakutov [The Yakuts’ Artistic Metal]. In: Yakuty (Sakha) [Yakuts (Sakha)]. Ed. by N. A. Alek- seev, E. N. Romanova, Z. P. Sokolova. Moscow: Nauka. Pp. 433–448. In Russian.
Prokopeva A. N. (2005) Bronzovye izdeliya poseleniya Kerdyugen [Bronze Pieces from the Kerdyugen Settlement]. In: Mater. of the I (XLV) Russian Archaeological and Ethnographic Conf. of Students and Young Scientists with Int. Participation “Culture and Society of North Asia in the Historical Past and Present.” Irkutsk: Radian. Pp. 210–211. In Russian.
Savinov D. G. (2005) Paradnye sedla s geral’- dicheskimi izobrazheniyami zhivotnykh [Ceremonial Saddles with Heraldic Images of Animals]. In: Arkheologiya Yuzhnoi Sibiri. Vyp. 23: Sb. nauch. trudov, posvyashchennyi 60-letiyu V. V. Bobrova [Archeology of Southern Siberia. Issue 23: Coll. of Sci. Works Dedicated to the 60th Anniversary of V. V. Bobrov]. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Pp. 19–24. In Russian.
Savvinov A. I. (2001) Traditsionnye metallicheskie ukrasheniya yakutov: XIX — nachalo XX veka: Istoriko-etnograficheskoe issledovanie [Traditional Metal Jewelry of the Yakuts: 19th — the Beginning of the 20th Century: Historical and Ethnographic Research]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. In Russian.
Trifanova S. V. (2006) Ukrasheniya naseleniya Sayano-Altaya gunno-sarmatskoi epokhi [Decorations of the Population of the Sayano-Altai of the Hun-Sarmatian Epoch]. PhD diss. abstract. Gorno-Altaisk. In Russian.
Bravina R. I., Ivanova-Unarova Z. I. The Glow of Silver: The Traditional Ornaments of the Yakuts. From the Origins to the Present. Traditional Culture. 2020. Vol. 21. No. 2. Pp. 51–62. In Russian.