https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-4254
Кандидат филологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института языка, литературы и истории Карельского научного центра РАН:
Российская Федерация, 185910, г. Петрозаводск, ул. Пушкинская, д. 11;
тел.: +7 (8142) 78-18-86; e-mail: hermitage2005@yandex.ru
Максим Викторович Пулькин
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-1781
Кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института языка, литературы и истории Карельского научного центра РАН:
Российская Федерация, 185910, Республика Карелия, г. Петрозаводск, ул. Пушкинская, д. 11;
тел.: +7 (8142) 78-18-86; e-mail: mvpulkin@mail.ru
The paper was written as part of the state commission assigned to the Karelian Research Centre, RAS.
This paper considers how the emotion of fear is reflected in folklore, based on the analysis of spiritual verses, bylina-epics, and mythological stories. It proposes a technique for evaluating the emotion of fear. This includes several parameters: classification of the sources and types of fear, identification of its social function, and ways it is overcome. The main physiological manifestations of fear — numbness, accelerated motor activity, tears, loud speech, trembling — are considered. The research methods used in the paper are based on a systems approach and comparative analysis of various genres of folklore. In folklore, as in everyday life, types of fear vary based on human needs, including those related to the need for daily and long-term survival of the individual, the emergence and maintenance of socialization, and the accelerated mobilization of forces to combat danger. The authors suggest that the key fears in folk culture are existential (fear of death), spiritual (fear of God), and irrational (fear of the other world’s invasion of human space). At the same time, the emotion of fear also performs a number of important social functions. In a religious text, it cultivates the “fear of God” and helps maintain Christian humility; in a bylina-epic, fear gives impetus to the psychological mobilization of a hero before battle; in mythological stories, regulatory, didactic and entertaining functions are important. Overcoming fear is carried out by eliminating the source of the emotion; by psychological disposition; and various ways of rationalizing mystical discourse.
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