E-mail: dobzhanskaya@list.ru
Tel.: +7 (4112) 34-44-60
4, Ordzhonikidze str., Yakutsk, 677000, Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), Russian Federation
Full professor (Arts), professor of the department of Art History, Arctic State Institute for Culture
and Arts
This paper is financially supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14-38-00031) “Creation of Laboratory of Complex Geo-cultural Research of the Arctic”.
This paper examines the intonational expression of voices of animals and birds in the folk music of the Taymyr Nenets. The study is based on material recorded in 2014 in Nosok the village (Taymyr Peninsula) during the complex expedition of the Arctic state Institute for culture and arts, financially supported by the grant of the Russian science Foundation. First of all, analysis is focused on the music of 6 songs, sung on behalf of birds and animals, that are compared with naturalistic imitation of sounds articulated by these faunal forms. Exa- mined items belong to the music genre sho (Nen. ‘melody’) and sesavei lahanako (Nen. ‘tale with tunes’). Samples of “songs of birds” (the sandpiper, the gull, the partridge, the skua), “animal songs” (the wild deer, the hare) and onomatopoeia were noted by the author, the transcriptions and translations of Nenets texts made by R. Y. Yaptune and M. Y. Satybaldieva. As a result of comparison of the tunes with the appropriate onomatopoeia it is revealed that sounding personifications of birds and animals occur with varying degrees of acoustic similarity: 1) the maximum approximation to the natural sound of voices (melodies derived from onomatopoeia based on signal intonation: the sandpiper, the seagull); 2) availability of individual elements of prosodic similarity of the melody with the onomatopoeia (the song of the skua); 3) musically independent song melodies, deprived of their similarity to the natural voices of animals (tunes of the partridge, the wild deer, the hare).
Bogdanov I.A. (1992) Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie problemy muzykal’noy etnopedagogiki (na primere narodov Severa) [Theory and Practice Problems of Musical Ethno-Pedagogics among Peoples of the North].PhD thesis (Pedagogics). Moscow. URL: http://irbis.gnpbu.ru/Aref_1992/ Bogdanov_I_A_1992.pdf. In Russian.
Discovering Siberia: Songs of the Forest Nenets (2002). Music of the Finno-Ugric Peoples. Tartu. Vol. 1. In English and in Nenets. Dobzhanskaya O.E. (ed., comp., pref., com., notating) (2014) Pevtsy i pesni avamskoy tundry: Muzykal’nyy fol’klor nganasan [Singers and Songs of the Avam Avam “Tundra” Fenland: Musical Folklore of the Nganasans]. Recodings in Nganasan Language and Russian Transl. by N.T. Kosterkina, K.I. Labanauskas, V. Yu. Gusev, M.M. Brykina. Noril’sk. In Russian and in Nganasan.
Dobzhanskaya O.E. (comp.) (2004) Golosa tundry. Poyut aborigeny Taymyra: dolgany, nganasany, nentsy, entsy, evenki [Voices of “Tundra” Fenland. Indigenous Peoples of Taymyr Singing: the Dolgans, the Nganasans, the Nenets, the Ents, the Evenks]. Dudinka. Issue 1. In Russian and in Indigenous.
Dobzhanskaya O.E., Labanauskas K.I. (eds.) Drevnie legendy Taymyra [Ancient Legends of Taimyr]. Moscow. In Russian. Gladkaya L. (ed., pref.) (1998). Pevuchiy Yamal [Melodious Yamal]. AudioCD. In Indigenous. Golovnev A.V. (2004) Kochevniki tundry: nentsy i ikh folklor [Nomadic people of “Tundra” Fenland: the Nenets People and their Folklore]. Ekaterinburg. In Russian.
Kharyuchi G.P. (2012) Priroda v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii nentsev [The Nature in the Nenets Traditional Worldview]. St. Petersburg. In Russian
Kupriyanova Z.N. (ed.). (1965) Epicheskie pesni nentsev [Nenets Epic Songs]. Moscow. In Russian.
Lehtisalo T. (recorded, ed.) (1947) Juraksamojedishe Volksdichtung, gesammelt und herausgegeben von T. Lehtisalo. MSFOu Helsinki 1947. No. 48. In German and in Indigenous.
Lehtisalo T. (1998) Mifologiya yurako-samoedov (nentsev) [Mythology of the Yurako-Samoeds (the Nenets]. Transl. by N.V. Lukina. Tomsk. In Russian.
Nenyang L.P. (ed.) (1984) “Chto, otchego, pochemu?” Nenetskie skazki i legendy [“What, What for, Why?” Nenets Folk Tales and Legends]. Krasnoyarsk. In Russian.
Nenyang L.P. (ed.) (1992) Ne tol,ko babushkiny skazki: legendy, byli, poslovitsy i pogovorki, zagadki i nastavleniya, primety i poverya [Not only Granny’s Tales. Legends, Narratives, Proverbs, Riddles and Nursing, Omens and Beliefs]. Krasnoyarsk. In Russian and in Nenets.
Nenyang L.P. (ed.) (1994) Fol,klor taymyrskikh nentsev [Folklore of the Taymyr Nenets]. Moscow. Book 1. Skazki [Folk-Tales]. In Russian.
Niemi Ja. (1999) Songs of the Yenisey Nenets performed by Lyubov’ Prokop’yevna NenyangKomarova. Tampere. In English.
Pushkareva E.T. (2000) Nenetskie pesni khynabtsy [Nenets “Hynabts” Songs]. Moscow. In Russian and in Nenets.
Pushkareva E.T., Khomich L.V. (comp.) (2001) Fol’klor nentsev [Folklore of the Nenets]. Novosibirsk. In Russian and in Nenets.
Pushkareva E.T. (2001) Spetsifika zhanrov fol,klora nentsev i ikh ispolnitelskie traditsii [Specifics of Genres of Nenets Folklore]. Fol’klor nentsev [Folklore of the Nenets]. Ed. by E.T. Pushkareva, L.V. Khomich. Novosibirsk. Pp. 23–49.
Pushkareva E.T. (2003) Kartina mira v folklore i traditsionnykh predstavleniyakh nentsev: sistemno-fenomenologicheskij analiz [Worldview in Folklore and Traditional Notions of the Nenets: Systematic Phenomenological Analysis]. Grand PhD Thesis. Moscow. In Russian.
Skvortsova N.M. (2001) O muzyke traditsionnykh nenetskikh pesen [About the Music of Traditional Nenets Songs]. Fol’klor nentsev [Folklore of the Nenets]. Ed. by E.T. Pushkareva, L.V.Khomich. Novosibirsk. Pp. 50–86. In Russian.
Sheykin Yu. I. (2002) Istoriya muzykal’noy kul’tury narodov Sibiri: Sravnitel’no-istoricheskoe issledovanie [History of the Musical Culture of the Peoples of Siberia. Comparative Historical Studies]. Moscow. In Russian.
Sheykin Yu. I., Dobzhanskaya O.E., Nikiforova V.S. (2015) Zvuchashchiy landshaft Arktiki [Sounding Landscape of the Arctic]. Doklad na Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii «Geokul’turnye obrazy Arktiki», Yakutsk, 25–26 iyunya 2015 [Presentation at the International Scholarly Conference “Geocultural Images of the Arctic, Yakutsk, the 25th–26th of June, 2015](in the press).
Skvortsova N.M. (2005) Nentsy [Nenets People]. Narody Zapadnoj Sibiri: Khanty, Mansi, Selkupy, Nentsy, Entsy, Nganasany, Kety [Peoples of Western Siberia: Khants, Mansi, Selkups, Nenets, Enets, Nganasans, Kets]. Ed. by I.N. Gemuev, V.I. Molodin, Z.P. Sokolova. Moscow. Pp. 480–483. In Russian.
Tereshhenko N.M. (1990) Nenets kiyepos [Nenets Epics]. Materialy i issledovaniya po samodijskim yazykam [Materials and Studies on Samoyed Languages]. Leningrad. In Russian and Nenets.
Field materials:
Dobzhanskaya O.E., Sleptsov R.M. Field materials of the complex expedition in Taymyr Region of Krasnoyarsk Territory (2014). In: Archive of the Laboratory of Complex Geo-Cultural Reasearch of the Arctic, Arctic State Institute of Culture and Arts, 677000, Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), Russian Federation.