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Postgraduate, folklore department, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov
The image of a foreign culture is shaped by folk-tales’ translation. Different translating strategies cause different texts and create different images of the culture. But all this diversity can be reduced to four main approaches. In ethnographic approach folk-tale is treated due to its historical, material and socio-cultural context. This work was carried out in a scholastic translation by W. Ralston. In mythological approach folktale is considered as a source for mythological reconstructions, as in “Zoological mythology” by A. de Gubernatis. More profoundly this approach was used by J. Curtin. Adaptive approach is widely spread in the field of children’s literature, where the genre of fairytale has been totally formed and restricted: folk-tale lost all its national peculiarity and gained specific markers of the “fairy-land”. Fairy Books by A. Lang are a bright example. A. Ransome’s creative manner in this approach, remythologization as the most attractive feature of his work. Universalistic approach implements contemporary European cultural and social tendencies and focuses on universal values. Translation by N. Guterman as an example. Contemporary translations tend to combine several approaches. New children’s translations try to make up for contextual deficiency using annotations and illustrations. Scholastic line is held by “The Complete Russian Fairy Tale” by J. Haney. The first attempt to present Russian folk-tale in a wide context of Russian and Universal literature was carried out by R. Chandler. All mentioned shows further prospective in translating and interpretating Russian folk-tales.
Barag L.G., Novikov N.V. (comp.) (1984– 1985) Narodnye russkie skazki A.N. Afanas’eva [A.N. Afanas’ev’s Russian Folk-Tales]. In 3 vol.. Ed. by K.V. Chistov, E.V. Pomerantseva. Moscow. In Russian.
Chandler R. (2013) Russian Magic Tales from Pushkin to Platonov. London. In English.
Collins S. (2008) The Present State of Russia in a Letter to a Friend at London. San Francisco. In English.
Curtin J. (1890) Myth and Folk-Tales of Russians, West Slaves and Magyars. Boston. In English.
Geertz C. (1973) Interpretation of Culture. New York. In English. Gubernatis A. de. (1872) Zoological Mythology. London. In English.
Guterman N. (transl.) (1945) Russian Fairy Tales: Translated by Norbert Guterman, Folkloristic Commentary by Roman Jacobson. New York. In English.
Haase D. (2003) Framing the Brothers Grimm: Paratexts and Intercultural Transmission in Postwar English-Language Editions or the Kinderund Hausmärchen. Fabula. 2003. Vol. 44. Issue 1–2. Pp. 55–69. In Englihs.
Haney J. (1999) The Complete Russian Folktale: An Introduction to the Russian Folktale. New York. In English.
Haney J. (1999–2006) The Complete Russian Folktale. New York. In English. Keightley Th. (1828) The Fairy Mythology. London. In English.
Kokk’yara G. (1960) Istoriya fol’kloristiki v Evrope [History of Folklore Studies in Europe]. Translated from Italian (“Storia del Folklore in Europa”). Ed. by A. Venediktov, M. Kirillova. Moscow. In Russian.
Lang A. (1890) Fairy Books: The Red Fairy Book. London. In English.
Lang A. (1901) Fairy Books: The Violet Fairy Book. London. In English.
Lewis C. S. (1982) On Stories and Other Essays on Literature. London. In English.
Nalepin A.L. (2009) Dva veka russkogo fol’klora: Opyt i sravnitel’noe osveshchenie podkhodov v fol’kloristike v Rossii, Velikobritanii i SShA v XIX−XX stoletiyakh [Two Centuries of Russian Folklore: Probes on Comparative Elucidation of the Approaches in Folklore Studies in Russia, Great Britain and the United States of America in the 19th–20th centuries]. Moscow. In Russian.
Newell W.W. (1891) Myths and Folk-Tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, and Magyars. By Jeremiah Curtin. American Anthropologist. 1891. Vol. A 4. Issue 1. January. Pp. 88–90. In English.
Ralston W.R. S. (1873) Russian Folk-Tales. London. In English.
Ransome A. (2010) Old Peter’s Russian Tales. London. In English.
Rayan W.F. (2005) Russian Magic at the British Library: Books, Manuscripts, Scholars, Travelers. London. In English. Schafer J. (ed., notes, introduction) (1940) Memoirs of Jeremiah Curtin. Madison. In English.
Shephard A. (2011) The King’s Daughter. A Russian Legend. New York. In English. Toporkov A.L. (1997) Teoriya mifa v russkoy filologicheskoy nauke XIX veka [Theory of Myth in Russian Philological Studies of the 19th Century]. Moscow. In Russian.
Tylor E. (1989). Pervobytnaya kul’tura [Primitive Culture]. Translated from English. Moscow. In Russian.
Veselovskiy A.N. (1938) Sravnitel’naya mifologiya i ee metod (1873) [Comparative Mythology and its Method (1873)]. Sobr. soch. Stat’i o skazke [Coll. Works. Vol. 16. Papers about the Tale]. Moscow; Leningrad. In Russian.
Zipes J. (2001) The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm. New York. In English.