https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-204X
Кандидат исторических наук, ученый секретарь Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН:
Российская Федерация, 119334, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 32а;
тел.: +7 (495) 938-00-19; e-mail: uwwalo@mail.ru
Автор статьи предпринимает попытку обнаружить истоки ассоциации саамов с мифологическими персонажами в британской культуре XII–XIX вв. и останавливается на двух важных этапах развития этих представлений. Во время первого этапа появились предпосылки для формирования образа саамов как ведьм, что было зафиксировано в шекспировской «Комедии ошибок». Утверждается, что этот образ был основан на традиционных письменных источниках, научной демонологии, народных верованиях оркнейцев и шетландцев и связан с расширением контактов британцев со скандинавскими моряками и, вероятно, самими саамами.
Второй этап — изменение образа саамов ко времени сэра Вальтера Скотта. Рационализация народных верований в эпоху Просвещения, общей целью которой было объяснить само происхождение народной мифологии, привела к объединению саамов с абстрактными мифологическими персонажами. Эта эвгемеристическая интерпретация, также соотносившая пиктов с мифологическими персонажами пехами и пикси, процветала в викторианской фольклористике, пока не подверглась резкой критике со стороны Эдварда Тайлора и других ведущих фольклористов.
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